Nursing Research Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Research Appraisal - Essay Example The purpose of the study is to investigate the background of â€Å"getting evidence into practice†. In order to provide for representation of the facts that revealed during the study, the authors used a framework, reflecting the elements influencing the process. The elements that are observed by the authors to be major influencing factors are the â€Å"nature of the evidence†, the â€Å"context†, and the â€Å"facilitation†. The authors aimed at examining the components of the framework with the help of empirical enquiry approach. The research was divided into two parts. At the first stage investigative focus groups were appointed to give a perspective of the factors that may influence the process of implementing the evidence into practice. At the second stage the experts collected the data of case studies. The designed used by the authors is effective to provide for relevant data within the research and represent them in accurate manner. This essay declares that qualitative research involves narratives, in-depth interviews and focus groups. Powell et al give the following notion of a focus group: â€Å"a group of individuals selected and assembled by researchers to discuss and comment on, from personal experience, the topic that is the subject of the research†. Focus groups are similar to interviewing groups but they have definite distinctions. As Jones states, â€Å"Group interviewing involves interviewing a number of people at the same time, the emphasis being on questions and responses between the researcher and participants. Focus groups however rely on interaction within the group based on topics that are supplied by the researcher†. ". (p. 379) As it is stated in Research Methods, "The rule for selecting people for focus groups tends to be commonality rather than diversity. Research has shown that people tend to disclose more to people who resemble them in various ways than to people who differ fr om them. The kind of homogeneity you need depends on the specific purpose of the research. It is likely that you will want to consider the relevance of factors such as age, educational background, sex, professional status and ethnic formation". All qualitative researches and this in particular are based upon analytical categorization to describe the phenomena. (Rice, P. L. & Ezzy, D, p.168) The data revealing in the research process provide for a ground to point out new categories. Thus, the authors of the study reconsidered pre-set theories and pointed out new categories to be highlighted within the research process (Gibbs). The grounded theory approach usually is "to read (and re-read) a textual database (such as a corpus of field notes) and "discover" or label variables (called categories, concepts and properties) and their interrelationships. The ability to perceive variables and relationships is termed "theoretical sensitivity" and is affected by a number of

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

English - Essay Example by FIFA, or Federation International de Football Association which organizes the immensely popular FIFA World Cup, the sport’s principal event, once in every four years. It also regulates all levels of soccer- including the professional games on the international level, Olympic competitions and youth leagues. America’s National Football League or NFL is the principal professional league in the world, several other leagues forming later in North America and Europe. On par with them is the Major League Soccer with many teams with fans world over, the most famous ones being A.C. Milan of Italy, Ajax Amsterdam of The Netherlands, Manchester United of England, Real Madrid of Spain, Boca Juniors of Argentina, Sao Paulo of Brazil, and Colo Colo of Chile. There are certain aspects which are common to both games and rhere are some differences. What is common to both forms of soccer -association football, and American football is the fact that both require two teams with 11 players each, in which players try scoring a goal by hitting the ball into the opponents’ goal, using any part of their body other than the hands requiring remarkable skills in use of feet and heads for kicking, dribbling, or passing the ball toward the goal or to another player. Important contrasts are as follows. Firstly the area of the playing fields differs which for soccer, is 90 and 120 m (100 and 130 yd) long and between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yd) wide and for American football is 120 yd (110 m) long and 53 yd 1 ft (48.8 m) wide. While in soccer 11 players serve as goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and attacker American football having no such clear definitions, the players have to adapt to many roles. In soccer a referee single handedly decides and is assisted by two linesmen signaling when a player is â€Å"offside† or when a ball crosses the boundary line. In American football however there is a referee, an umpire, a linesman, a field judge, a back judge, a line judge, and a side